{"id":744,"date":"2011-05-08T13:50:17","date_gmt":"2011-05-08T11:50:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.darkart.cz\/?p=744"},"modified":"2011-05-08T13:50:17","modified_gmt":"2011-05-08T11:50:17","slug":"betonove-pamatniky-jako-duchove-starych-casu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/?p=744","title":{"rendered":"Betonov\u00e9 pam\u00e1tn\u00edky jako duchov\u00e9 star\u00fdch \u010das\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Nejsem v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed a ani jedin\u00fd, kdo o nich p\u00ed\u0161e. P\u0159ed ned\u00e1vnem fotografie \u017eelezobetonov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f zas\u00e1hly hned n\u011bkolik blog\u016f a informa\u010dn\u00edch port\u00e1l\u016f. Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed vjem z t\u011bchto staveb je v\u0161ak natolik v\u00fdtvarn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd a inspirativn\u00ed, \u017ee jsem nev\u00e1hal. Obrovsk\u00e9 a komplikovan\u00e9 betonov\u00e9 skulptury se vyno\u0159uj\u00ed uprost\u0159ed krajiny, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b z ni\u010deho a bez v\u00fdznamu. Je to d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee od \u010das\u016f, kdy m\u011bly n\u011bco sd\u011blovat a p\u0159ipom\u00ednat uplynula dlouh\u00e1 doba a lid\u00e9, jak je zn\u00e1mo, velmi rychle zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed. Ale je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e se beton v krajin\u011b objevil, byla tato m\u00edsta n\u011b\u010d\u00edm v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1. Obrovsk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tn\u00edky nenechal zbudovat po \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugoslavie nikdo jin\u00fd, ne\u017e Josip Tito<\/a>. Vznikaly v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch a sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed na m\u00edstech, kter\u00e1 byla spojena s ud\u00e1lostmi, na kter\u00e9 se nem\u011blo zapomenout. Byla to m\u00edsta v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch st\u0159et\u016f za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (nap\u0159. Tjenti\u0161te, Kozara a Kadinja\u010da) nebo m\u00edsta, kde st\u00e1ly koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory (Jasenovac a Ni\u0161). Pam\u00e1tn\u00edky m\u011bly krom\u011b sv\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho posl\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b jednu funkci – demonstrovaly monument\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sebejistotu a s\u00edlu socialistick\u00e9 republiky, podobn\u011b jako to d\u011blaly pam\u00e1tn\u00edky t\u0159eba v Rusku nebo Bulharsku. Komunistick\u00e1 \u00e9ra pam\u00e1tn\u00edky milovala. \"\"<\/a>Tito zadal pr\u00e1ci r\u016fzn\u00fdm socha\u0159\u016fm (nap\u0159. Du\u0161an D\u017eamonja, Vojin Baki\u0107, Miodrag \u017divkovi\u0107, Jordan a Iskra Grabul) a architekt\u016fm (nap\u0159. Bogdan Bogdanovi\u0107, Gradimir Medakovi\u0107), kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1zali vytvo\u0159it neoby\u010dejn\u00e9 betonov\u00e9 struktury s politick\u00fdm podtextem. Pam\u00e1tn\u00edky za\u017eily svou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sl\u00e1vu zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech, kdy byly nav\u0161t\u011bvov\u00e1ny miliony lid\u00ed k nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pion\u00fdry a kdy slou\u017eily u\u017e sp\u00ed\u0161e k patriotick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Potom, co se Jugoslavie na za\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let rozpadla, zmizelo i nucen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pomn\u00edk\u016f a obrovsk\u00e9 skluptury za\u010daly ch\u00e1trat. D\u00e9\u0161\u0165, dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed v nov\u00e9 dob\u011b na om\u0161el\u00fd beton, s sebou vzal i v\u011bdom\u00ed toho, pro\u010d vlastn\u011b tyto stavby vznikly a jak\u00fd m\u011bly \u00fa\u010del.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>V tomto stavu se u zapomenut\u00fdch a rozpadaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u017eelezobetonov\u00fdch v\u00fdtvor\u016f objevil belgick\u00fd fotograf Jan Kempenaers<\/a>. V letech 2006-2009 procestoval v\u011bt\u0161inu \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugoslavie (nyn\u00ed Chorvatsko, Srbsko, Slovinsko, Bosna a Hercegovina, \u010cern\u00e1 hora, Makedonie, Kosovo). K orientaci mu pom\u00e1hala mapa um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f z roku 1975. Vznikla tak \u0159ada unik\u00e1tn\u00edch fotografi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 autor vydal v roce 2010 v knize nazvan\u00e9 Spomenik. Ukazuje tak ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, melancholick\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e jednotliv\u00e9 stavby, kter\u00e9 upadly do zapomn\u011bn\u00ed, nazna\u010duje t\u00edm i zp\u0159etrh\u00e1n\u00ed vazeb s minulost\u00ed. Fotografie, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt bez kontextu ale dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 stavby maj\u00ed um\u011bleckou hodnotu, proto\u017ee jsou kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 samy o sob\u011b, bez politick\u00e9ho nebo historick\u00e9ho rozm\u011bru.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat, jak sta\u010d\u00ed i n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let k tomu, aby se z pam\u00e1tn\u00edku a symbolu socialismu stalo n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Co by teprve ud\u011blalo stolet\u00ed, nebo rovnou p\u011bt set let? St\u00e1ly by tyto stavby je\u0161t\u011b, nebo by se rozpadly? Dok\u00e1zal by k nim v\u016fbec n\u011bkdo p\u0159i\u0159adit v\u00fdznam a historii? I kdy\u017e je to \u00fapln\u011b mimo t\u00e9ma, musel jsem si trochu \u0161kodolib\u011b vzpomenout na E. von D\u00e4nikena a jeho knihy (autora i jeho knihy m\u00e1m jinak velmi r\u00e1d a s trochou rozumn\u00e9 kritiky na n\u011bj ned\u00e1m dopustit). Jak by se asi tv\u00e1\u0159ili archeologov\u00e9 z jin\u00e9 doby, kdyby tyto monumenty nalezli? Pom\u00edj\u00edm te\u010f fakt, \u017ee \u017eelezobeton by nevydr\u017eel to, co diorit, i kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd beton je tu s n\u00e1mi dodnes. Jak by si asi vykl\u00e1dali funkci t\u011bchto staveb, co by v nich vid\u011bli? Mysleli by si, \u017ee stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u011bjakou technickou stavbou, observato\u0159\u00ed, bunkrem? Dok\u00e1zali by v\u016fbec p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, \u017ee tyto stavby vlastn\u011b nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd re\u00e1ln\u00fd \u00fa\u010del, a \u017ee slou\u017e\u00ed jako monumenty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d \u010dasem p\u0159ipom\u00ednat m\u00edsta a ud\u00e1losti? Kdo v\u00ed…<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/a> <\/a><\/td>\n\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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<\/a>
\n(c) Fotografie – Jan Kempenaers<\/p>\n

www.cracktwo.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nejsem v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed a ani jedin\u00fd, kdo o nich p\u00ed\u0161e. P\u0159ed ned\u00e1vnem fotografie \u017eelezobetonov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f zas\u00e1hly hned n\u011bkolik blog\u016f a informa\u010dn\u00edch port\u00e1l\u016f. Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed vjem z t\u011bchto staveb je v\u0161ak natolik v\u00fdtvarn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd a inspirativn\u00ed, \u017ee jsem nev\u00e1hal. Obrovsk\u00e9 a komplikovan\u00e9 betonov\u00e9 skulptury se vyno\u0159uj\u00ed uprost\u0159ed krajiny, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b z ni\u010deho a bez v\u00fdznamu. Je to d\u00e1no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[30],"tags":[51],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/744"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/744\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darkart.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}